Refactor docker image for devcontainer (#6029)

* Make base image configurable

* Refactor dockerfile

- Place extra packages into extra shell script
- Add pre-build stage where packages are installed, and then cache removed
- Run same script in dev target, but do not remove

* Run docker workflow whenever package requirements change

* Replace devcontainer dockerfile

* Install base packages in devcontainer

* --no-cache-dir

.github/workflows/docker.yaml

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ jobs:
               - docker-compose.yml
               - docker.dev.env
               - Dockerfile
+              - requirements.txt
 
 
   # Build the docker image